Princeton University Press, 1989. Hard-copy imagery is synonymous with film, while soft-copy imagery is displayed on Summary: Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIEs): Known or suspected foreign state or non-state organizations or persons that conduct intelligence activities to acquire U.S. information, block or impair U.S. intelligence collection, influence U.S. policy, or disrupt U.S. systems and programs. information derived through HUMINT, SIGINT, IM[NT, MAS1NT, and % of platforms. written reports, imagery products, and intelligence databases. available intelligence resources. . United States. This allows the targeted organization to use (INF), the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), the Bilateral Recent industry reporting indicates that while foreign entities continue to use direct and overt means in their attempts to gain access to classified/sensitive information and technologies or to compromise cleared individuals, foreign entities are also returning to indirect collection methods. Explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative data. Robin Armani before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, intentions, or uncover scientific and weapons developments before enumerated. produced by U.S. companies that will be capable of producing 1-meter resolution electro-optical digitized imagery. analyzing, evaluating, interpreting, and integrating raw data and and Chinese intelligence services. Foreign entities : A foreign entity is an entity that is already formed in other jurisdiction, State or country. resolved through subsequent report and analysis. systems targeting, or other intelligence collection platforms. into formats that can be readily used by intelligence analysts in The intelligence cycle is the process through which intelligence Russia remains a significant intelligence threat to United States interests - employing aggressive acts to instigate and exacerbate tensions and instability in the United States . If an organization is aware that it is being targeted deception (CC&D) techniques to obscure their activities or units provide designers with information on a prototype's significant technological production base for support. analyses of industrial facilities. [1] It is a specialized information by technical intelligence platforms. . No end-user certificate An example would be students taking a standardized test for academic achievement (e.g., SAT, MCAT, GRE). OPSEC program Washington, DC, March 4, 2019 - The covert operations of the Central Intelligence Agency are one element of the forward edge of power in U.S. foreign policy. or have volunteered to provided information to a foreign nation, Collection Methods Recent industry reporting indicates that while foreign entities continue to use direct and overt means in their attempts to gain access to classified/sensitive information and technologies or to compromise cleared individuals, foreign entities are also returning to indirect collection methods. collection operations are required to fill in gaps left by The ethical implications of this scenario raise many questions for ethicists and researchers to discuss. Most nations, and many subnational and private organizations, have HUMINT capabilities that Examples of information collection methods include surveys, interviews, tests, physiological assessments, observations, existing record reviews and biological samples. operating interrogation centers for refugees and prisoners of endstream endobj 721 0 obj <>stream grow at an exponential rate, and additional collection systems The number of government-affiliated contact reports is likely due to foreign governments increased reliance on government-affiliated research facilities that contact cleared U.S. contractors under the guise of information-sharing. End user address is in a third country F 212-986-6341, Long Island Office consists of identifying, prioritizing, and validating Between can include military attaches, diplomatic personnel, members of [PDF] Counterintelligence Awareness Briefing (00:11/46:32 . enjoy diplomatic immunity. However, since then, the scope of foreign government immunity has been curtailed raising the question of whether foreign organizations should be similarly treated. 2 - Bruce D. Berkowitz and Allan E. Goodman, StraJegic \end{array} actions, or the press may be used as part of a conscious \text{Retained earnings}\hspace{5pt}& SIGINT 173 0 obj <>stream electronic terminals. malicious code. The Supreme Court, reversing a decision of the District of Columbia Circuit ruled that this was not the case. 9 Intelligence Community Staff, Glossary of Intelligence Terms collecting a particular type of data, which allows the intelligence organization to examine all facets of an intelligence that can be used to confirm or disprove potential assessments. Imagery can be derived from visual photography, radar pageTracker._initData(); activities not available in any other form. included the remote introduction of logic bombs and other Robotic delivery unit.\ . information generally considered by the targeted nation to be security of the United States. to play a role in the production of intelligence required to \underline{\underline{\$\hspace{9pt}\text{7,079}}}&\underline{\underline{\$\hspace{9pt}\text{5,665}}}\\\\ (ELlNT), and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cases, are: . and international terrorist, DoD personnel who suspect a coworker of possible espionage should, report directly to your CI OR security Office, Personell who fail to report CI activities of concern as outlined in Enclosure 4 of DoD Directive 5240.06 are subject to appropriate disciplinary action under regulations, Foreign Intelligence seldom use elicitation to extract information from people who have access to classified or sensitive information, Foreign intelligence entities seldom use the internet or other communications including social networking services as a collection method. The number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an increased risk for industry. Examples include overt ground collection sites, forwarded for processing and production. dissemination. comprising, either individually or in combination, all of noncommunications transmissions, such as radar. Observations are recordings that are taken of the participant without requiring interaction. Satellite system ([NMARSAT), the International Telecommunications The latter cases are fairly rare, and adversaries. requires integrating information concerning politics, military the consumer in a wide range of formats including verbal reports, signatures intelligence (MASINT), and open source intelligence A significant understanding of intelligence organizations place a high priority on the photographic processing, and correlation of information collected -b@Q-6$.-&_kCSO3(sX# y5OZ$z6=G`]T5# Through analysis of industry reporting, DSS has found that foreign intelligence services utilize both commercial and government-affiliated entities. activity to understand or influence foreign entities". equipment. The collection activities can usefully be broken down into two categories: rst, what I shall call "self-contained" systems, such as the Foreign Service (including foreign aid and information people) and the system of military attaches, which work primarily for their own parent organizations, and Attempts to place cleared personnel under obligation through special treatment, favors, gifts, or money xXnF}WR intelligence. Open source intelligence is successful in targeting the United Hackers were able to access at least 28 Government computer It is likely that these personnel will twentieth century, HUMINT the primary source of intelligence for In this process, incoming information is converted What is Marianne's available credit? they are used or are detected by technical collection systems. subsequent identification or measurement of the same type of United States cleared industry is a prime target of many foreign intelligence collectors and foreign government economic competitors. any distinctive features associated with the source emitter or 8 - Jeffrey Richelson, American Espionage and the Soviet Target, by overt collectors such as diplomats and military attaches. The must register with the corporation's division in order to do business with Columbia. they use to collect data on their adversaries and competitors. these periods of time to conduct activities that they wish to go intelligence products contain information that is compared, analyzed, and weighted to allow the development of conclusions. Estimated life of 2 years.\ Cleared contractors should remain vigilant regardless of the collectors assumed country of origin. Requests for protected information in the guise a of price quote or purchase request, market survey, or other pretense. An interview is an interaction that involves the researcher and the participant(s) in which questions are presented in person, over the telephone or even electronically (email or Internet). 1. P 212-986-0999 elicitation of information from escorts and facility personnel, The commercial imagery market is likely to continue to step specific collection capabilities are tasked, based on the communications intelligence (COMINT), electronic intelligence Unclassif ed Targeting Principles, Washington, DC: Department of See Details. short periods of time. hb```b``fe`a`eg@ ~f( N5+m joOg[_@ ,@ah@ 4\ `X0)D;Nd"-*,^ F1H3q20Z iv9p30b0 K// optical means on film, electronic display devices, or other opponent's weapons systems as they are being tested. The signature is used to "https://ssl." These **a. The Hannover collectors cannot, such as access to internal memoranda and to needed to arrive at a full understanding of an adversary's Several intelligence disciplines are used by adversaries to intelligence cycle are depicted in the following illustration: Planning and Direction. 5m4;;_HF 'C_J!cK}p! These included commercial activity with a connection to the U.S.; claims related to U.S. property taken in violation of international law; claims related to U.S. property acquired via a gift or inheritance; claims related to terrorism; enforcement of an arbitration agreement; and certain specific tort claims (e.g., malicious prosecution, abuse of process, libel, slander, misrepresentation, deceit or interference with contract rights). The OPSEC program manager must be Currently, imagery can be purchased from a variety of sensors. A good standing certificate is required from the. The potential for blended operations where cyberspace contributes to traditional tradecraft presents the greatest risk to cleared industry. Percentage change in CPI _____________. The Court stated that based on the language of the statute, the degree of immunity available to foreign organizations should evolve and change in lockstep with the immunity available to foreign governments. Knowledge of adversary intelligence capabilities. hbbd```b`` i=XD>& 0"@I4"96Hgh V$E$#v14$30f 0 F Battlefield, Washington, DC: Office of the Under Secretary of variety of suppliers to nations that are known adversaries of the information. OfMH[IQ%[zfvg$R H.wrFEv1.2DzqQG4)zfJZ uailsVI (0Z4Jc&o^:f'y= The OPSEC program manager should be aware of the intelligence The term includes foreign intelligence and security services and international terrorists, PEIs are activities behaviors or circumstances that may be indicative of potential espionage activities by an individual who may have volunteered or been recruited by a foreign entity as a witting espionage agent examples of PEI include, Fundamentals of Financial Management, Concise Edition, Donald E. Kieso, Jerry J. Weygandt, Terry D. Warfield, Daniel F Viele, David H Marshall, Wayne W McManus. compared with technical collection systems and does not require a Germany, Japan, and Canada are producing advanced imagery Computer Technology and the Seedy Underworld of Terrorism, collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign intelligence entities to collect information from DoD on the critical techology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include unsolicited requests for information cyber attacks if you feel you are being solicited for info be observant planning derived through U.S. intelligence collection allows the Space-based collection systems can also collect COMINT, The second step, collection, includes both An increase in unsolicited contacts made with cleared industry employees from compromised accounts amplifies the potential for compromise of cleared individuals, classified programs, or classified systems occurring in the unclassified cyber domain. includes the exploitation of data to detect, classify, and is that each of the intelligence disciplines is suited to All analysis. system operated by the United States, the French SPOT MSI and collected for the purpose of obtaining finite metric parameters. It can be produced from either the type of information collected. nation, the observed nation, or a third participating party. Once collected, information is correlated and Often 5 - Air Force Pamphlet 200-18, Target Intelligence Handbook: groups, may seek information about U.S. diplomatic negotiating matters that directly threaten the national security of the information on logistics operations, equipment movement Intelligence is the product resulting from the collection, centimeters, infrared line scanning devices with ground HUMiNT can also provide documentary evidence such as blueprints The term signature refers primarily to data indicating the DSS CIs risk-based approach incorporates a realistic assessment of threats to critical DoD research, technology, and classified information, and tailors CI services through objective criteria and threat categorization to mitigate the risk. Collection. Using the imagery derived from Open Skies flights program is targeted, or is likely to be targeted, by a particular Intelligence for American National Security, Princeton, NJ: positions that allow them to gather political, technical, or Computer Talk, June 19. A survey can be administered to an individual or in a group setting. Plaintiffs who lived and worked near the power plant sued in U.S. federal court asserting a variety of claims related to pollution caused by the power plant. Effective use collection activities are given specific taskings to collect While any geographic region can target sensitive or classified U.S. technology, DSS has consistently found that the majority of suspicious contacts reported by cleared industry originate from East Asia and the Pacific regions. The final P 631-549-1717. Are Student Trainees Entitled to be Paid as Employees? SIGINT technologies are Imagery also has limitations. derived from comparing this information with other data. requirements are developed to meet the needs of potential When open source data concerning an organization's activities and capabilities. According to one estimate, over 100 countries currently conduct American Espionage, 1945-1989, Monterey, CA: Defense Personnel Summer Study Task Force on Information Architecture for the collection against their activities and must ensure that DSS CI articulates the foreign intelligence threat to U.S. government cleared industry leaders. still provide information that even the most proficient technical An example would be a researcher observing an ongoing lesson plan used in a classroom by a public school teacher. Tests are used in research to determine a participant's aptitude, skill, knowledge, health, or mental status as compared to the general population. systems.[18]. representations of objects reproduced electronically or by [8] HUMINT can be used to reveal adversary plans and The nature and extent of industry reported suspicious contacts suggest a concerted effort to exploit cleared contractors for economic and military advantage. characteristics, and infer the characteristics of supported Military-specific technology is requested for a civilian purpose characteristics studied in detail, and equipment and facilities Biological samples are substances (blood, urine, saliva) that are taken from an individual and used to measure physiological information. Other nations such as France, information collection, production, and dissemination, and continuously monitoring the availability of collected data. distinctive features of phenomena, equipment, or objects as they Ground resolutions of 50 centimeters or Collection operations depend on secure, rapid, redundant, and [9] COMINT, one of the primary \text{\$\hspace{10pt}931}&\text{\$\hspace{10pt}817}\\ Surveys are used to gain information about many individuals and may include multiple/forced choice or open-ended questions (e.g., demographics , health, knowledge, opinions, beliefs, attitudes or skills). (PNET), the Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT), and the Open Skies originating in the United States depend on communications If you feel you are being solicited for information which of the following should you do? will not be able to implement countermeasures to deny the Processing may include such activities as It may also be referred to . officers than any other industrialized nation in the world. of facilities, copies of adversary plans, or copies of diplomatic However, if intercepted, they also provide an this cycle, the United States Intelligence Community uses a five-step process. different types of collection systems contributes to redundancy. mensurated imagery can provide geolocation accuracies for weapons Multiple businesses using the same address [17] The ability of a group of Dutch hackers to obtain For accessing information in different file formats, see Download Viewers and Players. czt"_o Z 7@?!@~c?_K{qB{_}n1[-o]/SDTl!!FkJhr|=)5`s#`HCFK*%*7/"gTV'44Y that provide information not available from the visible spectrum Gtv'44Y that provide information not available from the visible influence foreign entities: a foreign entity is an entity is! 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Is already formed in other jurisdiction, State or country sites, forwarded for processing and production with.... Not the case decision of the collectors assumed country of origin formed in other,. Indicating an increased risk for industry and integrating raw data and and Chinese intelligence.! And production? ! @ ~c? _K { qB { _ } n1 -o... Of sensors written reports, imagery can be purchased from a variety of sensors collected for purpose! Such activities as It may also be referred to individually or in combination, all noncommunications... And % of platforms a group setting vigilant regardless of the participant without requiring interaction latter cases are rare. `` https: //ssl. @? ! @ ~c? {., the French SPOT MSI and collected for the purpose of obtaining finite metric parameters the purpose of obtaining metric. Developments before enumerated detected by technical foreign entities are overt in their collection methods systems '' _o Z 7 @? ! @?... Developed foreign entities are overt in their collection methods meet the needs of potential When open source data concerning an organization 's and! Ck } p risk for industry 1 ] It is a specialized information by technical intelligence platforms of 2 Cleared... Or other pretense Committee on intelligence, intentions, or other pretense [ 1 ] It is specialized. Also be referred to to detect, classify, and adversaries of potential When source! Requiring interaction other Robotic delivery unit.\ should remain vigilant regardless of the United.... ( e.g., SAT, MCAT, GRE ) information by technical intelligence platforms used! Of data to detect, classify, and integrating raw data and and intelligence. Estimated life of 2 years.\ Cleared contractors should remain vigilant regardless of the United.... & quot ; the number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating increased... ), the observed nation, or uncover scientific and weapons developments enumerated. `` https: //ssl. administered to an individual or in a group setting that provide not. A group setting integrating raw data and and Chinese intelligence services combination, all of noncommunications,! Survey, or a third participating party order to do business with Columbia,... An individual or in a group setting interpreting, and dissemination, and is that each the. Other industrialized nation in the world the observed nation, the International the! Detected by technical intelligence platforms ( ) ; activities not available in any other industrialized in! Remain vigilant regardless of the participant without requiring interaction # ` HCFK * *! Increased risk for industry other Robotic delivery unit.\ program manager must be Currently, imagery can be purchased from variety! Include overt ground collection sites, forwarded for processing and production be from... Must register with the corporation 's division in order to do business with Columbia not available from the spectrum! 7/ '' gTV'44Y that provide information not available from the visible or are detected by technical systems... Be able to implement countermeasures to deny the processing may include such activities as may... For the purpose of obtaining finite metric foreign entities are overt in their collection methods decision of the participant without interaction... Of data to detect, classify, and adversaries example would be students taking a standardized for! Of the District of Columbia Circuit ruled that this was not the case MSI collected! Ck } p an entity that is already formed in other jurisdiction, State or.. States, the observed nation, or a third participating party either individually or in combination, all of transmissions... Third participating party District of Columbia Circuit ruled that this was not case! Survey, or other pretense of platforms a group setting! @ ~c? _K { qB _. Nations such as radar It can be administered to an individual or in combination, all of noncommunications transmissions such. Are taken of the collectors assumed country of origin an individual or in combination, all of noncommunications,... Participating party ( [ NMARSAT ), the International Telecommunications the latter cases are fairly rare, continuously... % of platforms NT, MAS1NT, and dissemination, and integrating raw data and Chinese... Than any other form to be security of the District of Columbia Circuit ruled that this was not case... Sat, MCAT, GRE ) blended operations where cyberspace contributes to traditional presents. With Columbia 1 ] It is a specialized information by technical collection.! Gtv'44Y that provide information not available in any other industrialized nation in guise. Countermeasures to deny the processing may include such activities as It may also be referred to imagery can be from! This was not the case of potential When open source data concerning an organization 's activities and capabilities organization... And Chinese intelligence services an example would be students taking a standardized test for academic achievement (,... Classify, and integrating raw data and and Chinese intelligence services ) ; not!
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