oka nahullo

WebHow to say nahalol in English? They asked the Allegewi for permission to cross the river, which was granted. What does Miko mean in Choctaw? Pathway in Engineering. It is also said at that time the rabbit had a long tail. Some early writers, and in later times, Cushman and Bushnell, report that the Choctaws believed in a great good spirit and a great evil spirit. Chula hash osh anumpa falama imma mut bok ushi mak atok. Chemical analysis of the bones of this giant race in Tennessee and elsewhere, says Mr. H. S. Halbert, in a letter of January 3rd, 1878, indicate the ravages of one of the most terrible diseases to which flesh is heir. The world Nahullo (something supernatural or sacred), which appears above, was probably a generic term applied to spirits that had never existed as human beings, although Cushman speaks of them as a race of gigantic hunters who lived in western Tennessee and the northern parts of Alabama and Mississippi at the period of the Choctaw immigration. Some stories even give the account that bohpoli would "steal" little children and take them into the woods, to teach them about herbs and medicines. At times when rain is needed, the Indians may try to bring rain. He said that when the horned owl (ishkitini) screeched it meant a sudden death, such as a murder. Detached off shoots of them may have amalgamated with the Indian tribes, and thus lost their physical peculiarities, but at the same time kept up with their tribal organization. It is obvious to any astronomer that some of the brightest objects in the night sky are the planets. The Paiutes are said to have an oral tradition that told of red-haired, white, cannibals about 10 feet tall who lived in or near what is now known as Lovelock Cave in Nevada. What is it so important for indigenous advocates like Betty Osceola to protect sacred lands like the Florida Everglades? A mash of culturespart Gaelic, part Choctawcomplicated the story of the water-sickness. They claimed that though the blacksnake would not harm anyone, it would try to scare a person. Some believed that "Nalusa Falaya" preferred to approach men by sliding on his stomach like a snake. Swanton, John (1931). Their tradition states the Nahullo (race of giants) was of wonderful stature; but, as their tradition of the mastodon, so this was also considered to be but a foolish fable, the creature of a wild imagination, when lo! So the next day, when he was overhead, they started to follow him; but that night, when he died, they were still in their own country, where they knew the hills and the rivers. I can discuss Betty Osceolas role in Indigenous Peoples history in the United States. If they spoke during the four days they would die, otherwise they would then live and prosper. A tooth measured three inches in width, five inches in length along the surface of the jawbone and five inches in depth into the jaw, and weighed the seemingly incredible weight of eleven pounds. Defending the Sacred: Indigenous Nations and Everglades Advocates Join in Prayer Walk. Press, Fort News-Press, 15 Jan. 2021, Guide to teaching kids about entrepreneurship, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/swamp-place-to-remember-betty-osceola/, https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Southeast-Indians/628075, https://www.nativewomenswilderness.org/mmiw, https://wildhunt.org/2019/01/indigenous-and-pagan-leaders-heal-the-water.html, https://www.nativehope.org/en-us/understanding-the-issue-of-missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women, https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/elections/right-to-vote/voting-rights-for-native-americans/, https://www.news-press.com/story/tech/science/environment/2021/01/15/defending-sacred-indigenous-nations-and-everglades-advocates-join-prayer-walk/6608360002/, What can you learn about early Indigenous peoples of the United States by studying their pictographs and petroglyphs like the ones. When a boy child is two, three, or even four years old, he will often wander off into the woods, playing or chasing a small animal. The peo They dropped this thing into the Choctaw fields. Also of the tradition of the Choctaws which told of a race of giants that once inhabited the now State of Tennessee, and with whom their ancestors fought when they arrived in Mississippi in their migration from the west, doubtless Old Mexico. A few museums in Peru have giant mummies and giant cone shaped skulls. Hoklonote she was a bad spirit who could assume any shape he desired, as well as being able to read peoples thoughts. (Public Domain). Sometimes there might be seen a few tine hairs (if hairs they might be called) here and there upon the face, but they were few and far between, and extracted with a pair of small tweezers whenever discovered. Lovelock Cave: A Tale of Giants or A Giant Tale of Fiction? Those with Irish roots blamed faeries, selkies and sirens. Now from what I learned through Enoch; now, I think I understand more so The Book of Numbers and Joshua or small references in Genesis and Exodus too The Valley of The Rephalims. Horatio Bardwell Cushman wrote in his 1899 book History of the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Natchez Indians: The tradition of the Choctaws . Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? They flew over the place where the Choctaws were camped. So he gave a hard jerk and the tail snapped off. Religion Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Many believed that when ishkitini screeched, it meant sudden death, such as a murder. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, New Moai Statue Found on Chiles Easter Island Excites Researchers, 2,000-Year-Old Roman Phallus Could Be Oldest Known Sex Toy, Curious Mussel Shell Arrowheads in Norways Mountains Confound Archaeologists, Huge Wari Empire Temple from 800 AD Unearthed in the Highlands of Peru, What is Shambhala? They believed in a little man, about two feet high, who dwelled alone in the thick, dark woods. It is said among the Choctaws that few children wait to accept the offering of the good herbs from the third spirit, and that is why there are so few great doctors and other men of influence among the Choctaws. Nani ma Kanima a hokli tuk a impanaklo la chi achi tok osh. They excelled every other nation which was flourished, either before or since, in all manner of cunning handicraftwere brave and warlikeruling over the land they had wrested from its ancient possessors with a high and haughty hand. . 15 And also that the seed of this people may more fully believe his gospel, which shall go forth unto them from the Gentiles; for this people shall be scattered, and shall become a dark, a filthy, and a loathsome people, beyond the description of that which ever hath been amongst us, yea, even that which hath been among the Lamanites, and this because of their unbelief and idolatry, 15 And their curse was taken from them, and their skin became white like unto the Nephite. Even worse, there is a very large number of missing and murdered Indigenous women, especially those who live on reservations. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. I have been among the Comanches, Kiowas and other western Indians, and have often seen them bathing, men and women, promiscuously together, in the rivers of their country, and found it was the same with them, their heads alone were adorned with hair.. The Choctaw prophets and herb doctors, however, claim the power of seeing them and of holding communication with them. Thirdly, relics have been discovered implements of various kinds, along the seaboard exactly similar to those used by the Esquimaux of the present day. Little people sighting occur all over the world. But they only tantalize us by their near approach and undiminished inscrutableness, while imagination shrinks from the contemplation of the intervening years between. Yates also writes of the Starnake people of Navajo legend, describing them as: A regal race of white giants endowed with mining technology who dominated the West, enslaved lesser tribes, and had strongholds all through the Americas. Bohpoli was never seen by the common Choctaws, only the prophets and doctors. Ancient cities and countries, Thebes, Ninevah, Pompeii, Balbee, Babylon, Jerusalem and Egypt rise to testify and confirm the credit of many of the traditions, fables and legends of the Old World. that emphasizes the social justice issue of missing Indigenous women in the United States. Shilup chitoh osh is a term anglicized to mean The Great Spirit. Williams, Amy Bennett. 1 It was long supposed that syphilis was imported into this continent by the European race. Bok Building 1901 S 9th Street, Studio #502, Philadelphia, PA 19148, Teacher "Chitokaka" means The Great One. Abilities: Mental themed powers. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Marriage of the Sky and the Sea: Visayan Creation Myths, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. It is thus mysterious that there are so few references to the planets in ancient literature. A long time ago in ancient time, while the Choctaw Indians were living in Mississippi, the Choctaw legends say that certain supernatural beings or spirits lived near them. The remains do have red hair, but this may be because black hair can turn red with time. All material should be assumed to be copyrighted by the author, whether specifically noted or not! Heloha would lay her giant eggs in the clouds and they would rumble as they rolled around atop the clouds. The elders are respected and well-cared for, even while on the awful journey. Chatah and the others remained near the mound and are now known as the Choctaw.[1]. The Choctaw Nation has a total of 223,279 registered members, 84,670 of whom live in Oklahoma. They told her how for many, many years, ever since they were mere boys, they had followed Sun in his daily journey. They were either extinguished or went back to the heavens. The name may be a corruption of the Biblical race known as Anakim (Num. They were found by Columbus in the West Indies, and they are still found in the isles of the Caribbean Sea and Venezuela. If the screech owl (ofunlo) was heard, it was a sign that a child under seven among the connections of that family was going to die, because in size this is a baby owl. If a chicken files up on the roost and crows after reaching it, there will be trouble in the family. The Mound Buildersseemed to have never occupied this seaboard stretching from North Carolina upward. Student Defending the Sacred: Indigenous Nations and Everglades Advocates Join in Prayer Walk. Press, Fort News-Press, 15 Jan. 2021, https://www.news-press.com/story/tech/science/environment/2021/01/15/defending-sacred-indigenous-nations-and-everglades-advocates-join-prayer-walk/6608360002/. Disease and war no doubt were the main causes of their extinction. I believe that animal evolution also correlates to the concept and is evidence that supports this model. WebOka Ruto is a female student and a future rival in Yandere Simulator. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. The Nahullo : Cannibal Giants of the Americas The Paiute weren't the only Native Americans to have stories of a race of white giants inhabiting their ancestors' lands. Yohmi hatok o himmak a Chukfi hasimbish ut tilofa osh yohmi. It is possible, stranger things have been We are sad to announce that on January 26, 2023 we had to say goodbye to Mary A. Howe of Council Bluffs, Iowa. North America. In the 19th century, Choctaws were known as one of the "Five Civilized Tribes" because they had integrated numerous cultural and technological practices of their European American neighbors. Wow, Ill ask him where he caught those fish. According to statistics cited in The Seminole Tribune by Florida International University professor Dr. Michaela Moura-Kocoglu, Indigenous women in the United States are more likely to experience sickness, poverty and lack of literacy compared to other ethnic groups in the U.S. Finally we see the elements of nature-worship: BA (Hons) International Business. He was much admired for his speed and agility. Cushman says: The Choctaw . Human remains have been found there, and a few of the human bones had the marrow removed, suggesting the marrow was eaten. Nitak onnahinli kapassa fehna tok yohmi kia Chukfi ut kocha ma tolupli micha washohash ahanta tok mia, hatok osh hini ushi imma pisa ma Chula ut hina ushi ma minti tok. WebProf. If white, may they not be of the Northmen, who, it is said, established a few colonies upon the Atlantic coast A. D. 1000? Then, if the North American Indians are not the Mound builders, (which has not yet been satisfactorily proved) may not the Northmen be? He was much admired for his speed and agility. In 1553, PedroCieza de Len wrote in Chronicle of Peru about legendary giants described to him by the Manta indigenous people: There are, however, reports concerning giants in Peru, who landed on the coast at the point of Santa Elena. Hoklonote was a bad spirit who could assume any shape it desired; it was considered to read people's thoughts. Mr. Rudolph of McKinney, Texas, and several others, all men of undoubted veracity, which places the truth of the former existence of the mounds, their excavations and results, as well as the Choctaw tradition, beyond all doubt and even controversy. The little wood sprite was known to be rather mischievous, but not malicious. All this is plain proof to my mind, that the Esquimaux once inhabited the Atlantic seaboard as far south as North Carolina, and that they were pushed northward by the influx of the incoming Indian tribes; and that- the Indian had not been settled but for comparatively a short period in this seaboard at the time of Columbus discovery. The black squirrel is frightened. The Nahullo were said to be cannibals whom the Choctaw killed whenever the opportunity arose. In conversation soon after with a Creek friend upon the subject in regard to the full-blood Creeks, he said, They have no hair whatever upon the body, except that of the head, and the same is the case with all full-bloods that I have seen of other tribes. It is also the testimony of all the early explorers of this continent. The terrapin does not like the odor of the blossoms, so as soon as the blooming begins, he moves to higher land where there is no grass. If he landed on a tree in their yard early in the morning, some hasty news would come before noon. The Choctaws believed that he often playfully threw sticks and stones at them. Information from: Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians by John R. Swanton pages 198-199. in the beginning, Choctaw people were hungry. Sun then told them that he would send them home, but that for four days after reaching their home they must not speak a word to any person. The Tribal area tracked by the U.S. Census has a population of approximately 231,000. WebHere are some of the gods that they believed in: Na Lusa Chito Impashilup Bohpoli Kashehotopolo Okwo Naholo or Oka Nahullo Koklo Noteshi Naluso Falaya Hashok Okwa Huiga. The translation of Kowi anuskasha is The one who stays in the woods, or to give a more concise translation, Forest Dweller. Indigenous and Pagan Leaders Heal the Water News, Paganism, U.S. The Wild Hunt, The Wild Hunt, 1 Feb. 2019, https://wildhunt.org/2019/01/indigenous-and-pagan-leaders-heal-the-water.html. All this, as you know, is historical. Thispeople the Delawares called Allegewi. The Nahullo were said to be cannibals whom the Choctaw killed whenever the opportunity arose. When it happened to be the time of a total eclipse of the sun, a sufficient evidence that the little, black epicure meant business in regard to having a square meal, though it took the whole sun to furnish it, then indeed there were sounds of revelry and tumult unsurpassed by any ever heard before, either in Belgium or elsewhere. Miners unearthed the artifacts in 1912, leaving them in a pile before eventually contacting the University of California. Now, Isaac and his new friend, Joseph, can do all in their power to save Naomi and return her to her family. Giants spanned the globe and esp. Subscribe to this website and receive notification each time a free genealogy resource is newly published. The terms lshtahullo or nanishtahullo is applied to anything thought to possess some occult or superior power - such as a witch. A digital graphic based on a ceremonial stone palette found at the Moundville Archaeological Site in Moundville, Alabama. WebThe Nahullo were said to be cannibals whom the Choctaw killed whenever the opportunity arose. But during the wild scene the men were not idle spectators, or indifferent listeners. Yaki! Partner, I consent to Art Sphere sending me emails. I have no doubt but the researches of antiquarians in some manner, to us yet unknown, will throw much light upon the early occupants of this continent.. Alma 3:6 Ishkitini, or the horned owl, was believed to prowl about at night killing men and animals. Lovelock Cave (Bureau of Land Management/Public Domain), The Humboldt River near Lovelock, Nevada, where the Sitecah people were said to live. But when the "shilombish" imitates the sound of either animal, no response is given. Even today, a full blood Choctaw or Chickasaw with a heavy beard is never seen. WebOkwa Naholo or Oka Nahullo (white people of the water) dwelled in deep pools and had light skins like the skins of trout. Sexual Orientation: Straight. Little People and other human-like creatures. More information When the little one is well out of sight from his home, Kwanokasha, who is always on watch, seizes the boy and takes him away to his cave, his dwelling place. More than once have I witnessed the fearful yet novel scene. The teeth proved the monster herbaceous, the animal of which was in a perfect state of preservation. Some tribes of giants were larger than others. Choctaw story version and translation by Charley Jones. historic ginjo. Beacon Press, 2015. After years of fighting, the Allegewi were defeated and driven out of their country retreating southward, and the Delawares and other tribes took possession of their country. The little man was called Bohpoli or Kowi anukasha, both names being used alone or together. Their exhumed bones again prove the truth of the Choctaws tradition. Not until he becomes a man will he make use of the knowledge gained from the spirits, and never will he reveal to others how it was acquired. But one has given his opinion, on page 92 of his History of the Indian Tribes of North America, in the following positive and presumptuous assertion, though his apparent ignorance of all the characteristics (well known to the thousands of the White Race who have lived among them and studied them a long life-time) of the North American Indians so plainly manifested throughout his entire work, entitles his assumed learned opinion regarding the truth or untruth of the traditions of the North American Indians, or anything else concerning that people, to but little, if any, credit. But the din remained unabated until the sun again appeared in its usual splendor, and all nature again assumed its harmonious course. Cultural and historical background of Jesus, Mythology of the indigenous peoples of North America. Chula ut nani kanohmi ishi hosh minti hopesa mut. Ishkitini, the horned owl, was believed to prowl about at night killing men and animals. 23 And it came to pass that I beheld, after they had dwindled in unbelief they became a dark, and loathsome, and a filthy people, full of idleness and all manner of abominations. In Choctaw mythology, they were two huge birds. He boldly asserts, with a seemingly great indifference as regards its truth, that Nothing can be more uncertain, and more unworthy, we will not say of credit, but of consideration, than their (the Indians) earlier traditions; and probably there is not a single fact in all their history, supported by satisfactory evidence, which occurred half a century previous to the establishment of the Europeans. Though all admit that the voices of tradition coming from all Nations even from our own ancestors, the Britons are enshrouded, to a greater or less extent, in dense and dubious fogs, and become more dim and distant as we go further back into the past. And the skins of the Lamanites were dark, according to the mark which was set upon their fathers, which was a curse upon them because of their transgression and their rebellion against their brethren, who consisted of Nephi, Jacob, and Joseph, and Sam, who were just and holy men. The Iliad can provide new insights on the role of motherhood among the ancient Greek gods, and by extension, amongst ancient mortal Greek women themselves. Parent Cobb, Daniel M. Say We Are Nations: Documents of Politics and Protest in Indigenous America since 1887. They believed in a little man, about two feet high, who dwelled alone in the thick, dark woods. These pygmy beings lived deep in the thick forest, their homes were in caves hidden under large rocks. Len said that the sexual habits of the giants were revolting to the Natives and heaven eventually wiped out the giants because of those habits. If he landed on a tree in their yard early in the morning, some "hasty" news would come before noon. Knowing she had forced them to speak, on hearing this the mother was greatly worried. Animals figure significantly in Choctaw mythology, as they do in most Native American myth cycles. Mudlarker Finds Bronze Age Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old! They were no longer hungry, their journey was over and they could live in the place where the Choctaw Spirits had brought them. Understanding the Issue of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women. Understanding the Issue of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women. A gift of the Spirit, brought on the wings of the birds. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. Now as to the Delaware tradition. Although his name, which meant Cows Head, was amusing to some, it placed Genome sequencing of a human Late Pleistocene Fossil in southwest China dating back around 14,000 years is helping shed light on the ancestry of the very first Americans . They believed that the chicken had been put into their yards to give them a friendly warning of danger. Damon Scott. Something the birds carried in their claws and beaks were truly remarkable. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? Some have believed that the Nahullo were the Carib Indians, as they were said to be of gigantic stature and also cannibals, and who once inhabited our Gulf coast. In addition to the native language for what would today be termed God and Devil, the Choctaws believed they had many other powerful beings in their midst. It is with great sadness that we announce the death of Brent Stokes (Council Bluffs, Iowa), who passed away on February 14, 2023, at the age of 53, leaving to mourn If a chicken crows outside of its usual time, it is because it foresees bad weather. She is the founder and president of the second Occult Club at Akademi High. They were believed to sometimes capture human beings In Choctaw history, solar eclipses were attributed to black squirrels, or a black squirrel, supposed to be eating the luminary, and they must be driven off if mankind were still to enjoy the heat and light. From: Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians by John R. Swanton, pages 210-211. An Indigenous Peoples History of the United States. After returning the children to their homes, Bohpoli would leave them alone, letting them grow up to become doctors of the tribe. Yammak fokali ma, Chukfi ihasimbish ut falaya bieka tok mia. I will here relate a little incident (frequently published) in the life of the famous Indian chief, Red Jacket, as an evidence of strength and correctness of the Indian s memory. The fox had some fish with him. on July 30, 2020. Oko is a fair-skinned man Then, there are the bone pickers, a Choctaw version of morticians, but in a religious aspect. Cushman said Nahullo came to be used to describe all white people, but it originally referred specifically to a giant white race with whom the Choctaw came into contact when they first crossed the Mississippi River. Choctaw Kashehotapalo, Oka Nahullo, Hoklonote, Nalusa Falaya, shilombish Issues in the Communities Missing Indigenous Women According to statistics cited in The little wood sprite was known to be rather mischievous, but not malicious. All reached the earth in safety, however, and the boys recognized the trees that stood about their old home. The translation of Bohpoli is the Thrower. At Ancient Origins we believe that one of Read More, About 13,000 years ago, more than three-fourths of the large Ice Age animals, includingwoolly mammoths, mastodons, saber-toothed tigers and giant bears, died out.. He brings news both bad and good. The survivor, now monarch of the forests, strolled about for a few years wrapped in the solitude of his own reflections and independence then died, and with him the race became extinct. "[2][3] "Shilup chitoh osh" is a term anglicized to mean The Great Spirit. Today the Choctaws have four tribes, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, Jena Band of Choctaw Indians, and the MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians. My tail began to get heavy so I pulled my tail out and the fish were hanging on my tail. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! "Nalusa Falaya" (long black being) resembled a man, but with very small eyes and long, pointed ears. He looked toward the trail and saw a fox coming up the trail. Okwa Naholo or Oka Nahullo (white people of the water) dwelled in deep pools and had light skins like the skins of trout. When she receives a mysterious letter from the future involving Kakeru Naruse, she and her friends try their Even worse, there is a very large number of missing and murdered Indigenous women, especially those who live on reservations. It is said of Red Jacket, that he never forgot any thing he once learned. But some proponents of the Sitecah giants theory say researchers have deliberately covered up any giant remains found there. There arrived on the coast, in boats made of reeds, as big as large ships, a party of men of such size that, from the knee downwards, their height was as great as the entire height of an ordinary man, though he might be of good stature. Brian Dunning of Skeptoid explored Paiutes legends and found no mention of the Sitecah being giants. Before long, the Choctaws had new life. Yet, from those relics of the ages past, an unlimited field for theimagination is open to view, which many thinkers have attempted to explore only to find themselves utterly lost. Then they slept, and in the morning when the sun was again overhead they once more set off to follow him. I have it written down here, he added, placing his hand with great dignity on his brow. Yet that does not necessarily bring eventhe traditions of the North American Indians under his edict, Nothing can be more uncertain, and more unworthy, we will not say of credit, but of consideration, than their traditions, as here comes to our aid modern Oriental Discovery, with records engraved on rocks and stamped on bricks records contemporary with the events, and in all cases independent of the modern authority since the records have been hidden from the eyes of both the believer and disbeliever. When the boys were about four years old they conceived the idea of following the sun and seeing where he died. Heloha (thunder) and Melatha (lightning) were responsible for the dramatic thunderstorms. "Choctaw Social and Ceremonial Life". Indigenous and Pagan Leaders Heal the Water News, Paganism, U.S. The Wild Hunt, The Wild Hunt, 1 Feb. 2019. When he accepts the good herbs the three old spirits will tell him the secrets of making medicines from herbs, roots and barks of certain trees, and of treating and curing various fevers, pains and other sickness. Hushtahli is from Hashi, Sun and Tahli, to complete an action. And thus they continued for many years to wend their way after the sun in his course through the heavens. WebChoctaw mythology is related to Choctaws, a Native American people originally from the Southeastern United States (Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana).In the 19th century, Choctaws were known as one of the "Five Civilized Tribes" because they had integrated numerous cultural and technological practices of their European American Early one very cold morning he was out hopping and playing. It was claimed the different species of fish were made by intermarriages. And so also, from the buried past of the New World, hundreds of witnesses have already been summoned, and are still being summoned, that confirm the credit of the traditions and legends of the North American Indians, and to which they pointed back through the long vista of ages past, ere the Indians were known to the White Race, and give the merited contradiction to the assertion that their traditions merit not even consideration.. Life grew to a maximum size when environmental conditions allowed this and since life has been reducing in size, logic suggests so have humans. Giant 7 8 Foot Skeletons Uncovered in Ecuador sent for Scientific Testing, The Establishment Has Already Acknowledged A Lost Race of Giants, Retired Historian Uncovers Native American Effigy Mounds in Wisconsin, Senator Warrens Mishap Proves the Importance of Reliable Genetic Ancestry Tests, Four Native American Kings Visited Queen Anne in London With a Special Request, lvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca: The Extraordinary Adventure of a Compassionate Conquistador, Pleistocene Fossil DNA Suggests Native Americans East Asian Roots.
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