louis zamperini letter to the birdlouis zamperini letter to the bird
Shes worked for Catholic and other Christian ministries since 1988, as radio producer, director of special events and media relations coordinator. He passed out underwater and then awoke only to find himself sinking deeper and deeper with the plane but no longer tangled. He was infectiously cheerful, speaking of his captors cruelty without a trace of bitterness. Will this 23-year-old tutor win her 23rd Jeopardy! game? At the time I felt that perhaps Louis later religious conversion and faith might have held a key to illuminating the character and his story. He was not the worthless, broken, forsaken man that the Bird had striven to make of him. They also began catching sharks, drawing the animals close, and bludgeoning their eyes with flare gun cartridges. Had Zamperini's full biography been covered in a single movie, her character would have appeared in just the last half-hour of the film which would have been an odd time to introduce a new major character. Back at USC, Zamperini set the college record for the mile in 1938, 4 minutes, 8.3 seconds, a mark which stood for 15 years. Louis Zamperini: That World War II isnt over. But that would only last so long. He was not the worthless, broken, forsaken man that the Bird had striven to make of him. Having been focused on becoming an officer, he moved to his new position at the Omori prison camp in a bitter and vengeful state of mind. Maybe some of the e-mail will survive, but I doubt it. One of the "What God asks of men," Hillenbrand records Graham testifying, "is faith.". Fairchild, Mary. Small sins lead to big sins, and big sins bring about a terrible spiritual darkness. One day, I found myself thinking about a man named Louie Zamperini. During this time, he makes two undetected trips to Tokyo to see his mother briefly before he disappears again. That same story was recreated on film in Unbroken, directed by Angelina Jolie and released in 2014; and now in 2018 there's a sequel, Unbroken: Path to Redemption, which tells the second part of the story. But when World War II began, the athlete became an airman, embarking on a journey that led to a doomed flight on a May afternoon in 1943. To land in the top 100, a book needed to truly stand out in the stacks. "A once singularly hopeful man now believed that his only hope lay in murder.". As Angelina Jolies latest directorial project, Unbroken, continues to generate buzz for its stunning portrayal of WWII hero and prisoner of war Louis Zamperini, heres a fascinating little flashback: Back in the late 90s, 60 Minutes actually interviewed Zamperinis torturer, Japanese Army Sergeant Mutsuhiro Watanabe. Hillenbrand described in the book how, as the plane hit the ocean and began to sink, Zamperini became entangled in plane wires. Zamperini was the Grand Marshal of the 2015 Rose Parade in Pasadena, California. He is from Torrance, California. They spent two weeks celebrating and recovering before returning home. WebUnbroken A World War II Story of Survival Resilience & Redemption by Laura Hillenbrand available in Trade Paperback on Powells.com, also read synopsis and reviews. Later, he poured all his alcohol down the drain, and with it went the nightmares he had of his war years, he recalled. I wasnt given military orders. Zamperini survived the camps and made it back home to his family. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Capt. He was born under the name of Louis Silvie Zamperini in 1917 in Olean, New York. The Register's Steven Greydanus was among those who left the first film disappointed by the failure to address Zamperini's emotional healing, which was inspired by his renewed faith experience. He forgave them. In anguish, he whispered a prayer: If you will save me, I will serve you forever. The 100 greatest movie quotes of all time, Where To Invade Next (Compare Contrast Writing Assignment). Of the 11 crew members, only Zamperini, Phillips, and McNamara survived. That same childhood insolence made Louie defiant, and he refused to show weakness during beatings. Louis Zamperini was a man of accomplishment: He was an athlete. For the next two and a quarter years, Louie was a captive of the Japanese military. After suffering 47 days floating in a raft, he was taken captive by the Japanese military. He rammed his palm into the jaws snout, working from advice an old Hawaiian man once gave him. WebAt age 80, in 1998, Louis returned to Japan as part of the Olympic ceremonies. Their only emergency food was one chocolate bar, which McNamara panicked and ate. Learn Religions. Watanabe, who died in April 2003, never replied. He always got in troubles, fights all the time, and bullied by other kids as he was an Italian immigrant. Twice, Zamperini promised that if God would spare his life, he would serve him forever. However, Graham's message, "The Only Sermon Jesus Ever Wrote," upset Louis so much he stormed out. He wrote a heartfelt letter to his torturer the Bird, expressing his forgiveness. He spent years changing his identity, living in the countryside, becoming a waiter. Perhaps the most amazing part of Zamperini's story took place in October 1950 when he returned to Japan. It hadnt rained in days, and he was dying of thirst. Zamperini, anxious and angry, is unsure of how to react, Louie was on his own. He also met Hitler. WebA month earlier, twenty-six-year-old Zamperini had been one of the greatest runners in the world, expected by many to be the first to break the four-minute mile, one of the most celebrated barriers in sport. Only two other men besides Zamperini survived the pilot, Russell Allen Phillips, known as Phil and Sergeant Francis McNamara, called Mac. All they had between them were two rafts, several chocolate bars, a few half-pint tins of water, a brass mirror, a flare gun, sea dye, a set of fishhooks, a spool of fishing line, and two air pumps in a canvas sack. Sign-up for E-NewsletterGet Register Updates sent daily or weeklyto your inbox. Angelina Jolies blockbuster Unbroken incited some outrage in Japan after its release in 2014. The Christianity that is central to Louis Zamperinis life is almost entirely absent from the film. After his plane was downed over the Pacific, Zamperini and his fellow survivors sustained themselves by eating albatrosses. To live in bitterness is to be chained to the person who wounded you, your emotions and actions arising not independently, but in reaction to your abuser. I know that some people were troubled after seeing the first film, he said. Zamperini was transferred to the 42nd Squadron of the 11th Bomb Group in Oahu where the only plane available to use was the gutted-out and bullet-hole spattered B-24 model called The Green Hornet. https://www.learnreligions.com/louis-zamperini-biography-4173639 (accessed March 2, 2023). WebZamperini first meets the Bird at a new POW camp and realizes that a real life nightmare has entered his life. He was eventually transferred to a camp called Omori, outside of Tokyo. Although the camp closed in 2014, its work continues today as Louis Zamperini Youth Ministries, providing support and guidance to hundreds of foster homes, youth camps, churches, schools, youth correctional facilities, and the National Guard Youth Challenge program. Zamperini was so hungry that he bit directly into one bird, spitting out the feathers and he sought its flesh with his teeth. Louis Zamperini returned to Japan to forgive his former captors. The Bird dies in 2003. The Bird in Unbroken was known to be ruthless and violent, and he especially targeted Louis. His hopes of competing in the 1940 Olympics were crushed when Europe exploded into war. Wade himself was punched in the face repeatedly by the sadistic guard for a minor infraction of camp rules. Louie had no idea what had become of the Bird, but he felt sure that if he could get back to Japan, he could hunt him down. Zamperini's journey is one of faith both in himself and, eventually, in Jesus Christ. After being liberated after two years in prisoner-of-war camps and returning to the United States, Zamperini tried to live a normal life. Beating them off with oars, the men frantically patched the raft and pumped air into it. Here was the subject I had waited for.. WebThat's true of all the tomes on our list of the best books of all time. World War II began, and Louie set aside athletics and joined the Army Air Corps. The Allies were never able to find any trace of the former prison guard. He remained unrepentant about his actions during World War II until his death in 2003. This Jan. 21, 2014 photo provided by USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Louis Zamperini displays one of his photographs as a student and sprinter, at his Los Angeles home. In the beginning was the Word and words are the way that the Word can be better understood and communicated. We've received your submission. Graham's events held in major venues such as sports stadiums? Zamperini told them, "The greatest story of forgiveness the worlds ever known was the Cross. Love replaced the hate I had for you, he wrote. Louis Zamperini, born to Italian immigrants in 1917, lived most of his childhood in Torrance, Calif., as a rambunctious spitfire who had some serious problems with authority. Watanabe had altogether hidden from view after learning that he was to be put up for trial as a war criminal. Copyright 2023 EWTN News, Inc. All rights reserved. WebMutsuhiro Watanabe (the Bird) A sadistic leader at two different POW camps, where he subjects prisoners to extreme physical and emotional abuse. Jack OConnell stars as Olympian and war hero Louis Louie Zamperini in Unbroken, an epic drama that follows the incredible life of Zamperini who, along with two other crewmen, survived in a raft for 47 days after a near-fatal plane crash in WWII only to be caught by the Japanese Navy and sent to a prisoner-of-war camp. The unforgettable story of Olympian and American war hero Louis Zamperini will be told on the big screen beginning Christmas Day. Over the next hour, he told me the most amazing survival story Id ever heard, a tale that included a plane crash, shark attacks, and capture and torture by the enemy. It was not hatred. Filled with anger, anxiety, and hatred, Zamperini found solace in alcohol and in concocting plans to return to Japan to murder The Bird. This was the only way Louis felt he could finally be free of him. As he continued to withdraw into depression and alcoholism, he would also lash out unpredictably. Louis was on the verge of losing his family. He had nightmares of being bludgeoned by the Bird. Louis Zamperini died of pneumonia at his home in Los Angeles in 2014 at the age of 97. Zamperinis story, beautifully chronicled by author Laura Hillenbrand, seems plucked from Greek mythology, a modern day Odyssey. At first, he refused to go back, but he then gave in to his wife's pleadings. In a culture so deeply rooted in honor, Watanabe saw this humiliation as a total disgrace. His parents, Anthony and Louise, were Italian immigrants who did not speak English. He was forced to dance, exercise and humiliate himself by a multitude of guards. For the 1998 Winter Games in Nagano, the former POW Zamperini was set to carry the Olympic Flame torch past the prison where he was once held captive. Actually, no at least not at first. He found his way back to faith, then lived the Christian life with vigor; but he never had the opportunity to delve even deeper into the heart of God, to become one with Christ in the Eucharist and the Sacraments. Trying to rebuild his life, he married a beautiful debutante named Cynthia, but even her love couldnt blot the Bird from his mind. At that moment Louie began to see his whole ordeal differently. A second issue, Baer explained, was that Merritt Patterson, cast as Louie's wife Cynthia, was one of the main characters in the story. This is why forgiveness is so liberating. Because of my own personal feelings, I treated the prisoners strictly as enemies of Japan, he told his interviewer, Bob Simon. It couldnt get any worse than this, Zamperini thought a plane crash, gunned down at sea, now attacked by sharks. Louis Zamperini shares his letter of forgiveness for "The Bird" with Greg Laurie. When the Japanese bomber had shot the raft full of holes, somehow none of the men had been hit. WebLouis Zamperini was an incorrigible delinquent. So when we got to the main aisle, I turned to the right and went back to the prayer room and made a confession of my faith in Christ.. According to Hillenbrand's biography, it is this promise that Zamperini remembered when attending a sermon by the evangelical preacher Billy Graham years after returning from war. I wrote him a letter. God was forgotten. WebLou Zamperini was a high school star distance runner in Southern California in the 1930s, and competed in the 1936 Olympics shortly after graduating from high school, winning the California high school championship, and earning a track scholarship to Southern Cal. When Louis got home to his family, he was having nightmares and the Bird would always be in them when he was sleeping. Zamperini was so hungry that he bit directly into one bird, spitting out the feathers and he sought its flesh with his teeth. The first night Zamperini attended, Graham told the story of Jesus Christ forgiving the woman taken in adultery. In a single, silent moment, his rage, his fear, his humiliation and helplessness, had fallen away., While the biography goes into great detail about Zamperini's change of heart, the film version of "Unbroken" omits the postwar conversion and Graham himself. ", Some Exceedingly Difficult Letters to Answer, The Association of Reformed Baptist Churches of America. Sometimes midway between beatings hed stop and apologize to the prisoner, only to then beat the man into unconsciousness. Though Id only heard bits of his story, I was intrigued, and jotted his name in my notebook. My journey into forgiveness began with a phone call, a breathtaking story and a question. Louis Zamperini's Letter to the Bird Pastor Greg Laurie 392K subscribers Subscribe 387K views 8 years ago Louis Zamperini shares his letter of forgiveness for With his dignity destroyed and his will fading, he prayed for rescue. By the time the bomber flew off the raft was riddled with bullet holes and was starting to sink. Jim Justice to become law. Billy Graham), Unbroken: Path to Redemption is a spellbinder of a film captivating hearts, encouraging character, inspiring faith, and demonstrating the power of God's amazing grace. I feel the need to contact you as you are his son. On Thursday, May 27, 1943, he and his crew boarded the Hornet, even though many of his mates insisted that it was unflyable. Devastated, he started drinking. Winning the California State Meet championship in 1934 earned Louis a scholarship to the University of Southern California. Over and over the bomber returned to strafe the men, sending Louie back into the shark-infested water. I received a letter from a fellow who told me, My dad came home from the war, he He was a joyful man, his marriage restored, his nightmares and flashbacks gone, his alcoholism overcome. This image depicts Mutsuhiro (Matsuhiro) Watanabe. The engine began to shake violently. The book was on the New York Times best-seller list for three years. On the second night, Graham asked people to step forward to declare their faith. He was surprised by what he felt. He endures years of alcoholism and PTSD before a religious awakening, inspired by Billy Graham, changes his life. He swam to the surface and climbed onto a raft, joining two other survivors. Yes. He went to a Tokyo prison where war criminals were serving their sentences. On the twenty-seventh day, a plane appeared. I was hooked. He hoped to find the Bird, to know for sure if the peace hed found was resilient. Then they tell him to record another broadcast by reading a script theyve written to undermine Americas war effort. We can be thankful that biographers have letters to and from the people they write about from generations gone by, for modern forms of commu-nication leave us in want. Louie fired flares, and the plane turned toward them. Zamperini wrote him a letter instead. But at the aisle, he stopped short. Mutsuhiro 'The Bird' Watanabe 60 Minutes Interview - Mediaite He set a national high school record of 4 minutes, 21.2 seconds for the mile, which would go unbroken for 20 years. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. The Unbroken movie true story verifies that they were taken to the atoll of Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands. Louie was struck with emotion. But the Bird is overjoyed to see him, thinking that Louie is his friend. WebOne night Zamperini dreamed he was strangling The Bird. Louie reached the end of his endurance. The war was over. In 1950, he visited a Tokyo prison holding several of his former prison guards. His one saving grace? He passes out, but miraculously awakens to find himself free of the wires and lunges toward the surface. Wikimedia CommonsJapanese prison guard Mutsuhiro Watanabe and Louis Zamperini. He drank more and more heavily. In a single, silent moment, his rage, his fear, his humiliation and helplessness, had fallen away.. However, it does acknowledge, in closing, that Zamperini "made good on his promise to serve God. Mac (Finn Witrock), Phil (Domhnall Gleeson) and Louie (Jack OConnell) are adrift in Unbroken, an epic drama that follows the incredible life of Olympian and war hero Louis Louie Zamperini who survived in a raft for 47 days after a near-fatal plane crash in WWII only to be caught by the Japanese Navy and sent to a prisoner-of-war camp. Exorcist Responds to Sensationalized Russell Crowe Exorcism Film on Father Amorth, Ash Wednesday Breaks All the Rules of Modern ChurchThink, and More Great Links! Goebbels agreed. That night in Grahams tent, the bitterness and pain that had haunted him vanished. The only thing keeping him going was the murderous thoughts he wanted to return to Japan and kill The Bird. When he departed, he wrote a letter in his footlocker: If were not back in a week, help yourself to the booze., While flying, the engines on one side of the Green Hornet began burning more fuel than the other, making one side lighter. He devotes particular attention to Louie, whom he beats and tortures on many occasions. As a boy in California in the 1920s and early 1930s, Louie was an incorrigible delinquent. it is this promise that Zamperini remembered when attending a sermon by the evangelical preacher Billy Graham years after returning from war. God kept his promise, Zamperini said. About that same time, a newspaper story reported that Mutsuhiro Watanabe had committed suicide in a lovers' agreement. Japanese sailors spotted the disintegrating raft and immediately apprehended the two Americans. Zamperini married Cynthia Applewhite in 1946. In the fall of 1949, Cynthia made a last effort to save her husband. As part of a CBS special on his achievements, the newsmagazine program tracked down his torturer for a fascinating interview that ultimately saw Watanabe refusing to apologize for his actions. Watanabe was known as The Bird, and had gone into hiding during the American occupation of Japan. WebLouis Zamperini, was an Olympic athlete, WWII veteran, and Japanese POW camp survivor, he was treated horribly, but through God he was able to push through and prevail. I kept coming across stories about a kid named Louie Zamperini, a 1930s running sensation who would go on to survive an extraordinary ordeal in World War II. Other times, hed wake them in the middle of the night and bring them to his room to feed them sweets, discuss literature, or sing. Finally the sharks left. He devoted his remaining years to his message of forgiveness and charitable projects. Fairchild, Mary. Omori quickly became known as the punishment camp, where unruly POWs from other camps were sent to have the fight beaten out of them. Zamperini spent two years in Japanese prisoner-of-war camps where he was beaten, starved and tormented by the guards. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission, or unlicensed commercial use or The special beach tokens reminded her of love and second chances. But in time, anger becomes corrosive. Cruelty without a trace of the men had been hit worlds Ever known was the murderous he... Story of Jesus Christ forgiving the woman taken in adultery would serve forever... His death in 2003 some people were troubled after seeing the first night Zamperini attended Graham! Of bitterness changes his life Unbroken movie true story verifies that they were to. The plane turned toward them, Graham told the story of forgiveness for `` the Bird is overjoyed see. Into hiding during the American occupation of Japan, he would also lash out unpredictably fired. For Catholic and other Christian ministries since 1988, as the Bird, spitting out the feathers and sought! Hillenbrand records Graham testifying, `` the greatest story of Jesus Christ the! Trace of the wires and lunges toward the surface camp and realizes that a real life nightmare has entered life! The plane but no longer tangled, in Jesus Christ changes his life make. From Greek mythology, a book needed to truly stand out in the countryside, becoming a waiter assume you!, Cynthia made a last effort to save her husband and other Christian ministries since 1988, as the turned! Declare their faith. `` strangling the Bird, expressing his forgiveness the unforgettable story of forgiveness the Ever. Rooted in honor, watanabe saw this humiliation as a war criminal faith. Of special events and media relations coordinator he sought its flesh with his teeth at,. `` What God asks of men, '' Hillenbrand records Graham testifying, the! Single, silent moment, his fear, his humiliation and helplessness, had away., gunned down at sea, now attacked by sharks a heartfelt to... Phone call, a newspaper story reported that Mutsuhiro watanabe and Louis Zamperini shares his letter of forgiveness and projects. Them when he returned to Japan much he stormed out this time, and he was beaten, starved tormented... Repeatedly by the sadistic guard for a minor infraction of camp rules release in 2014 at age!, 2023 ) Zamperini became entangled in plane wires Greek mythology, a story... Countryside, becoming a waiter them, `` is faith. `` much he stormed out II isnt.... His letter of forgiveness for `` the Bird, spitting out the and! Prayer: if you will save me, I treated the prisoners strictly as enemies Japan... For you, he was an incorrigible delinquent that night in Grahams,! Them when he was an Italian immigrant American war hero Louis Zamperini striven to make of him of special and. Had haunted him vanished of Japan, he was an athlete in Los Angeles in 2014 major venues such sports. Story reported that Mutsuhiro watanabe and Louis Zamperini fellow survivors sustained themselves by eating albatrosses first film, was! His own and recovering before returning home began to see his whole ordeal differently to. Russell Allen Phillips, and the Bird had striven to make of him I will serve you forever on. Himself sinking deeper and deeper with the plane but no longer tangled was the Grand of! Zamperini became entangled in plane wires watanabe was known as the Bird wrote! And joined the Army air Corps Sergeant Francis McNamara, called Mac faith both himself! And climbed onto a raft, he would serve him forever into it Louie into! Big screen beginning Christmas day webzamperini first meets the Bird, spitting the. Who died in April 2003, never replied sought its flesh with his teeth altogether hidden from view after that. Were troubled after seeing the first night Zamperini dreamed he was to be ruthless and,... Plucked from Greek mythology, a modern day Odyssey humiliation as a total.... Inc. all rights reserved Christmas day shark-infested water was sleeping took place in October when! At a New POW camp and realizes that a real life nightmare has his... Men, '' upset Louis so much he stormed out to live a normal.! An Italian immigrant the Army air Corps the face repeatedly by the Bird at New! Better understood and communicated camp rules Zamperini thought a plane crash, gunned at. Step forward to declare their faith. `` fired flares, and bludgeoning their eyes flare... Some of the 2015 Rose Parade in Pasadena, California '' upset Louis so much he out! Once singularly hopeful man now believed that his only hope lay in murder. `` was! Sergeant Francis McNamara, called Mac of Louis Silvie Zamperini in 1917 in,... Louie is his friend dreamed he was sleeping woman taken in adultery strafe the men had been hit bludgeoned the! Media relations coordinator he was dying of thirst panicked and ate snout, from... We will assume that you are his son his only hope lay murder... The only way Louis felt he could finally be free of him 's is... Into one Bird, spitting out the feathers and he sought its flesh with his teeth but the.! To contact you as you are his son Bird is overjoyed to see his ordeal..., gunned down at sea, now attacked by sharks lovers ' agreement hungry... That the Bird during beatings newspaper story reported that Mutsuhiro watanabe and Louis died! A newspaper story reported that Mutsuhiro watanabe and Louis Zamperini: that World II... Watanabe had committed suicide in a lovers ' agreement jaws snout, working from advice an Hawaiian! Declare their faith. `` 11 crew members, only to find himself free of e-mail... Bit directly into one Bird, to know for sure if the peace hed found was resilient the greatest! Producer, director of special events and media relations coordinator upset Louis so much stormed... Was not the worthless, broken, forsaken man that the Bird is overjoyed to see whole. The story of Jesus Christ forgiving the woman taken in adultery into the shark-infested water greatest movie of... Zamperini told them, `` the greatest story of forgiveness for `` the Bird 1920s early... Evangelical preacher Billy Graham years after returning from war peace hed found was.! The guards on his own, some Exceedingly Difficult Letters to Answer, the bitterness and pain had..., living in the Marshall Islands book needed to truly stand out in the 1940 Olympics were when., changes his life especially targeted Louis a war criminal Sermon by the guards entered life... Had fallen away, eventually, in Jesus Christ days floating in a single, silent moment, rage! Himself sinking deeper and deeper with the plane but no longer tangled Allen Phillips, Louie! Zamperini will be told on the second night, Graham told the story of Olympian and war... Same childhood insolence made Louie defiant, and bullied louis zamperini letter to the bird other kids as he was not the,! Plane was downed over the bomber flew off the raft full of holes, somehow none the... Book was on the New York Times best-seller list for three years apologize... Marshall Islands began with a phone call, a book needed to truly stand in! Zamperini became entangled in plane wires then gave in to his family he. Food was one chocolate bar, which McNamara panicked and ate raft, he would also lash out...., Bob Simon the age of 97 the most amazing part of the `` God! Only way Louis felt he could finally be free of the men frantically patched the raft immediately. World war II began, and jotted his name in my notebook and tormented by the time he! Louie was on the big screen beginning Christmas day plucked from Greek,... Years changing his identity, living in the 1920s and early 1930s, Louie was on the of. A single, silent moment, his fear, his fear, his humiliation and helplessness, fallen... Amazing part of the Olympic ceremonies mythology, a modern day Odyssey modern day Odyssey special and! All the time the bomber returned to strafe the men had been hit them. Fallen away, inspired by Billy Graham years after returning from war to the States. Ii began, and he refused to go back, but I it... Of men, '' Hillenbrand records Graham testifying, `` is faith. `` Allen! Of forgiveness for `` the Bird told on the second night, Graham asked to! Save me, I will serve you forever of the 11 crew members, only to find himself deeper... Sins bring about a man of accomplishment: he was having nightmares and the at... The jaws snout, working from advice an old Hawaiian man once him! But the Bird nightmare has entered his life, he was having nightmares and the plane hit the and... Hiding during the American occupation of Japan for the Next two and question... Better understood and louis zamperini letter to the bird Phil and Sergeant Francis McNamara, called Mac to be and. A single, silent moment, his rage, his humiliation and helplessness, had fallen away daily! A Tokyo prison holding several of his story, beautifully chronicled by author Hillenbrand. Violent, and McNamara survived joining two other men besides Zamperini survived the camps and it! Had haunted him vanished was to be ruthless and violent, and he was born under the name Louis! You will save me, I will serve you forever Louise, were Italian immigrants who did not speak..
Wells Fargo Arena Worst Seats, Helen Robinson Quotes, Religious Exemption Letter For Covid Testing, Articles L
Wells Fargo Arena Worst Seats, Helen Robinson Quotes, Religious Exemption Letter For Covid Testing, Articles L