First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we Richard Fuller: You're welcome, thank you. Conservation efforts need to be coordinated so together they produce the best chances for the survival of plants and animals which have evolved for specific ecological conditions and have little tolerance when those conditions are altered. Recent reports and studies have . Robyn Williams: Yes, but isn't that the kind of blank cheque argument that the hard economic realities will no longer accept? Biodiversity loss can come in the form of habitat loss through land converted to agriculture, combined with land degradation through intensive farming practices - which is the principal contributor to the decline and extinction of species - and it can also come in the form of unsustainable food production, where our meat and dairy consumption There's maybe 10 million species of plants and animals on the Earth, and each one of those represents a set of solutions to a particular set of biological problems, any one of which could at some point be of tremendous value to us, whether it's medicines or food or whatever. Biodiversity loss is the result of complex interactions between humans and nature, . I'm really interested in conservation, and conservation ultimately depends on repairing the broken relationship between people and biodiversity. But thank you Richard Fuller, and good luck with your work. Much of the loss is caused by habitat destruction due to unsustainable agriculture or logging. Robyn Williams: Richard Fuller is Professor of Biology at the University of Queensland. The latter phenomenon can be temporary or permanent, depending on whether the environmental degradation that leads to the loss is reversible through . The study clearly linked adequate conservation funding to better species survival, which makes it all the. This is particularly important in a changing climate in which loss of biodiversity reduces nature's resilience to change. Richard Fuller: We study lots of things, probably too many. We still have work to do on our engagement with biodiversity in Western Australia, and Perth specifically, before we can become a model for future cities. The Western Australian Museum acknowledges and respects the Traditional Owners of their ancestral lands, waters and skies. Two-thirds of Australia has lost its unique birdlife.' That's a native bird but it has been declared a key threatening process by the Australian government in its role in disrupting other bird communities. However, the current status of information and knowledge about WAs biodiversity is often unclear because its collection and management is fragmented across multiple industry, government and research organisations and there are no established mechanisms for aggregating and synthesising the data. The Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions ( DBCA) is the Western Australian government department responsible for managing lands and waters described in the Conservation and Land Management Act 1984, the Rottnest Island Authority Act 1987, the Swan and Canning Rivers Management Act 2006, the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Nearly two-thirds (62 per cent) of the Australian landmass is pastoral or agricultural land. Perth is the capital of the Southwest Australia Ecoregion, one of only 34 internationally recognised Biodiversity Hotspots (Conservation International 2010). Australian Geographic acknowledges the First Nations people of Australia as traditional custodians, and pay our respects to Elders past and present, and their stories and journeys that have lead us to where we are today. And Australia should worry about its biodiversity. In the past 20 years extinctions have also become common on continents. In 2016 the Western Australian government passed the Biodiversity Conservation Act, which will eventually fully replace both the Wildlife Act 1950 and the Sandalwood Act 1929. Western Australia (WA) has a globally unique biodiversity characterised by significant regional endemism, meaning that we have plants and animals that only live in a particular location. unsustainable logging, hunting and fishing), pollution (e.g. Robyn Williams: Well, who knows, the human race, if it's done anything, has increased the number of coronaviruses around the world, if not much else. Bruce and Mark share a passion for squirrel gliders that has brought them closer together. Thank you for reading. Since living organisms interact in dynamic ecosystems, the disappearance of one species can have a far-reaching impact on the food chain. 44-50. Image copyrightHolly Story. 14 million ha in the 280-600 mm rainfall zone of south-western Australia (Fig. Connectivity conservation aims to give them the opportunity to roam more widely across landscapes, by persuading landholders to provide protected links between existing parks and reserves. The loss of biodiversity is in large part irreversible, and each time we lose species we lose something that cannot be got back and we lose part of our fundamental life-support system. Agriculture destroys biodiversity by converting natural habitats to intensely managed systems and by releasing pollutants, including greenhouses gases. Retrieved from Gaia Resources: https://www.gaiaresources.com.au/state-dieback/, Service, D. o. It is one of the worlds 34 internationally recognised biodiversity hotspots, which have more than 1500 endemic species of plant and have lost more than 70 per cent of their original habitat. Biodiversity is declining faster than at any time in human history. The Australian Government promotes the conservation of threatened species and biodiversity through the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. We found alarming declines in many of the migratory birds that visit Australia each year, and we've been trying to partition out where are those threats to those species, and we are finding some in Australia and some elsewhere along their migration routes. Retrieved from Department of Parks and Wildlife Service: https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-animals/468-biodiversity-conservation-act-2016, Integrate Sustainability Pty Ltd Loss of species is a major threat to biodiversity in Australia. Check out the What's On calendar of events, workshops and school holiday programs. Biodiversity faces a wide number of threats, including land-use change, habitat loss and fragmentation (e.g. Yet the pressures placed on ecosystems from human impact and changing climate are increasing, with more species lost due to extinction. Yet the pressures placed on ecosystems from human impact and changing climate are increasing, with more species lost due to extinction. . While feeding on nectar, these animals disperse pollen more indiscriminately than insects while also often travelling great distances and this may have novel consequences for plant evolution, he says. Theres no doubt in my mind that we can do this if were not fettered by pessimisminnovative approaches are popping up all over Australia.. The State of Dieback. Australia is one of seven countries responsible for more than half of global biodiversity loss, according to a study published today. If the conditions are too hot there, you can spread your seeds or fly around the corner and its potentially a bit cooler.. The Eastern Curlew pictured here at Roebuck Bay near Broome, Western Australia is critically endangered. The commission completed its report last July and the government sat on it until a . While there have certainly been extinctions in Australia during the past 40,000 to 50,000 years, scientists are unsure about which, if any, were caused by Indigenous people. Biodiversity. Nigel agrees that there are a whole lot of opportunities in the balance between sustainable resource use and conservation. Ecology research Behavioural ecology Functional ecology Evolutionary ecology You have reached the end of the main content. White Spider Orchid Lower Swamp (Frog Swamp) North Lake Reserve 2014 Image copyright Holly Story Black Swans (Cygnus atratus), Perth (WA), John Oldham Park, September 2006. On a mountain, you can move around the hill a bit. (Credit: Esther Beaton), Yellow box grassy woodland regenerating from farmland on Bush Heritage Australias. And in many ways we have to keep managing the environment in those disturbed areas to make sure that things don't get too out of kilter. The new research will help explain why the region is so rich in endemic plants, Stephen says, while also revealing how so many of them can be found in geographically separated populations, where inbreeding should be rife, but its effects appear to be muted.. There are other good reasons for bringing farmers on board for conservation. Tom Lovejoy: Well, I'm not arguing that you can't use biological resources, in fact that's what is so wonderful about them, they make more themselves. Latin America & the Caribbean have sustained a loss of 94% since 1975. Professor Rod Peakall is a geneticist at Australian National University in Canberra. Managing farmland for conservation also benefits agricultural productivity. The diverse landscape and extensive coastline of Western Australia provides abundant opportunities to study species in spectacular marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments. Similarly, Australia lost 5-10% of its biodiversity between 1996 and 2008 while high levels of deforestation to make way for agricultural plantations have particularly affected the species rich rainforests of Indonesia. (2006). We need new strategies, Mike says. Professor Stephen Hopper, an expert in biodiversity at the University of Western Australia agrees that this might explain why many of the species here are endemic, but not their great numbers. Speaking on a panel discussing biodiversity at the Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia Conference in Brisbane last week (21-23 February), Sawtell-Rickson was asked for her views on how carbon and biodiversity credits should be scrutinized to . Robyn Williams: The late Tom Lovejoy, one of those I mentioned before in The Science Show we should remember, whose work was so significant, at the same level maybe as Rachel Carson, whose book Silent Spring was published 60 years ago. Get incredible stories of extraordinary wildlife, enlightening discoveries and stunning destinations, delivered to your inbox. Indigenous people have been interacting with Australia's natural environment for tens of thousands of years. The importance of the Australian rainforests to the conservation movement is very high. We facilitate end user driven, relevant research to create opportunities for meaningful change in biodiversity conservation and enable sustainable development. He is drawn to unusual projects, which he describes as walking out on the edgewhere a lot of the good science is. Using his palaeontology background, Mike has devised a bold and potentially controversial plan to save the species. Mark lived overseas for five years and found his way from London and Paris to the base camp of Mt Everest. Our conservation record has been poor so far and has typically focused on national parks, he says, suggesting there has been a problem with that strategy. "Modest recovery of biodiversity in a western European country: The Living Planet Index for the Netherlands", Biological Conservation, Vol. Image copyright Holly Story, Black Swans (Cygnus atratus), Perth (WA), John Oldham Park, September 2006. In this section, there's a wealth of information about our collections of scientific specimens and cultural objects. The Act applies to environmental matters of national significance and provides for: identification and listing of threatened species and ecological communities Space to play or pause, M to mute, left and right arrows to seek, up and down arrows for volume. Get incredible stories of extraordinary wildlife, enlightening discoveries and stunning destinations, delivered to your inbox. Deforestation and forest fragmentation have an adverse effect on the biodiversity of animals and plants. The idea of a legacy seems to be a common theme: Like an artist creating a paintingwe wanted to leave something behind that we had made some contribution to, says Wayne. Only this month, the University of Queensland released research, and I quote: 'Gone forever. RESEARCH INTO THE birds and mammals that pollinate banksias and eucalypts in south-west Western Australia is challenging existing theories on the region's enormous biodiversity. A carnivore is an animal that feeds on other animals. People ask, What difference can it make if you turn off a light switch? Loss of biodiversity in Australia is of catastrophic proportions. When we go away, theres such a beautiful feeling when we come back herethe smells and fragrances at different times of year, or when its wet it helps you get grounded and get rid of some of the stress of the city, Wayne says as we watch a horse cantering across a paddock far below. Like the Tasmanian tiger, we will not fully appreciate the species until we lose it, which is a real possibility.. Biodiversity 1 and human infectious diseases are intricately linked. The resolution requires a robust, rigorous and defensible scientific information base. There have been periods in the Earth's long history when mass extinctions have occurred. 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Mining is only 0.2 per cent of that land area, says Mike. They also stock lightly and now rotate livestock between 35 small paddocks, instead of three large ones. km of conservation-viable land. the ability for the Minister to make regulations for certain matters identified in the Act. This, in turn, has triggered an ever-increasing suite of regulatory controls that are considered to result in delays for the approval of projects. Biodiversity. L-R: Sonya Sawtell-Rickson, CIO, Hesta; Adrian Ward, CEO, Accounting for Nature; Andrew Saunders, head of natural climate solutions, QIC. But now this almighty raptor, affectionately known as The Red, has become our nations rarest bird of prey. 3. salinization and waterlogging of ecosystems; over-grazing of native vegetation by domestic animals, loss of soils and altered hydrology in the pastoral rangelands; over-exploitation of native plants and animals; and, the ability for the Minister to approve Biodiversity management programmes;. Australia's biodiversity is both rich and unique. Iain Gordon, a biodiversity expert with the CSIRO in Townsville, says land quality is as important as quantity. The IUCN red list uses a series of categories to rank how close a species is to extinction, from "least concern" through to "extinct in the wild". They may arrive at a site completely exhausted and in need of refuelling, and maybe that refuelling has been perfectly possible for the last 200 years, but it has been turned into a car park the year before. It wasnt always my plan to come back;but it had a lot to do with these conservation projects, the 26-year-old tells me. But the issues we face go much deeper than this. The researchers conceded that species native to multiple countries presented an obstacle to their calculations, but lead author Anthony Waldron says they were able to narrow down where the pressures were coming from. This is Lovejoy on The Science Show some years ago: Tom Lovejoy: After a great deal of thinking about it, it seems to us that there is no intelligent way to choose between one species and another, and in fact it's not an intelligent choice to make. The total number of species of birds on earth is estimated to be around 10,000! . 141 of Australias 207 mammal species, 25 unique to the state; more than 400 reptile species, more than 40% unique to the state; hundreds of thousands of invertebrate species; and. The greatest threat to biodiversity is the size and rate of growth of human population. These include: A primary cause of biodiversity loss is a general lack of public awareness and appreciation of biodiversity and its values, this disconnect with nature often results in a lack of empathy with our natural heritage, and biodiversity. Its a biodiversity highway aimed at protecting a great ribbon of life, explains the NSW Department of Environments Ian Pulsford, a driving force behind the concept. Many farmers may be contributing to the landscape without even knowing it. One species eats another, each is important. Ideally, Commonwealth and State approval processes are undertaken simultaneously, but proposals must be presented to authorities concurrently (Government of Western Australia, 2014). We really have to aggressively get over our conservatism, because its at the tremendous expense of the survival of species, he says. Biodiversity is the diversity of species, ecosystems and genes on earth. The excitement doesnt last long, though; a few camera flashes reveal the eyes belong to a common ringtail possum. The sanctuary is a private wildlife haven. Tom Lovejoy: There's is no question about it, it's very hard for countries with low standards of living to think about anything more than their immediate day-to-day problems, even if in the process of doing that they are undercutting their future, and most of those problems do occur in the developing nations of the planet and it is in the interests of the developed nations to help them solve that problem. We feel this real connection to the property. The beginning of biodiversity conservation in WA is rooted in the setting aside of land by the State for the protection of flora and fauna in the late 1800s and early 1900s when the first reserve declared was in September 1899 for the purpose of the Protection of Boronia near Albany; and the first national park, Greenmount National Park (which has now become John Forest National Park) was established in 1900 on the outskirts of Perth. This steep and rocky 20 ha property of apple box and red stringybark woodland is on the western edge of the Snowy Mountains. Scientists based their findings on the worsening in conservation status of species between 1996 and 2008 on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list. In short, biodiversity provides us with clean air, fresh water, good quality soil and crop pollination. Taking species population as a measure, a significant loss in biodiversity was found in all regions, with encroachment on natural land identified as the most prominent threat to wildlife. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and TraditionalCustodians ofthe land and waterways on which theMuseumstands. Home Topics Science & Environment Saving Australias biodiversity. Key points: Australia second behind Indonesia for biodiversity loss Spending on conservation reduced loss Habitat loss, invasive species drive species decline in Australia Environmental sustainability professor Barry Brook from the University of Tasmania said there were a number of pressures threatening biodiversity in Australia. Biodiversity is the variety of all living things on Earth, and how they fit together in the web of life, bringing oxygen, water, food and countless other benefits. Did megafauna that used to roam Australia become extinct because of climate change or because of hunting? That's where you've had this historical change over many decades and it takes time for extinction to catch up as populations are reduced and fragmented and lose genetic diversity, then gradually fade away.". Richard Fuller: Yes, I would completely agree, and of course I think the former two are the driver of the third, in a sense. And we play around with the way the world works at our peril, and we may find ourselves being unable to reverse the situation or control the situation when repeated studies have shown us that we are close to planetary tipping points of human pressure on the environment, whether that's through climate change, through human consumption patterns, through us driving species extinct without any real sense of the role that those species play in our own life-support, let alone the support of the ecological systems on Earth. However, they found that the impacts of these pressures could be reduced by investment in environmental protection. It concludes that the condition of Australia's environment is "poor and deteriorating". Weve got to look at very large landscape scalesso that we dont lose the species that are [still healthy].. Those areas that are most productive for farming are also the most productive for biodiversity.. Rather than rushing to rescue individual species, scientists are using broad-scale solutions to save our wildlife. Hook Ups & Break ups; . By subscribing you become an AG Society member, helping us to raise funds for conservation and adventure projects. Reduction in biodiversity was calculated by looking at species that had their IUCN red list upgraded during the period, such as from "least concern" to "threatened", or "vulnerable" to "endangered". The environmental degradation that leads to the loss is the size and rate of of! When mass extinctions have also become common on continents destinations, delivered to your inbox depends repairing. From Gaia Resources: https: //www.gaiaresources.com.au/state-dieback/, Service, D. o be reduced by investment in environmental.! John Oldham Park, September 2006 of climate change or because of hunting face go much deeper than.! 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